Water, dehydration and health during exercise Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Health sciences and medicine Water, dehydration and health during exercise October 5, Dehydration can often occur suddenly and unexpectedlyduring exercise, and this theory and the mechanics of it have been studied extensively. Water is an essential and critical element often overlooked by athletes and novices alike, but dehydration can, will, and does have a major effect on the performance of exercise as well as the tolerability and enjoyment of the exercise. Dehydration is most often a concern to those who exercise occasionally or consider themselves to be recreational exercisers. These groups of people are more likely to ignore the extra needs of the body such as fluid and electrolyte replacement when they feel their efforts are less serious than those of a serious athlete. Because of the sports drink industry, there has been a renewed interest in the topic of dehydration as related to health during exercise in the preceding number of years. When exercises causes you to need to ca tch your breath no matter how strenuous or light it is, it is time to consider your body’s fluid needs (Burke 5). We will write a custom essay sample on Water, dehydration and health during exercise or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Dehydration is known to affect mental performance as well as your level of skill in the exercise you are performing. A problem athletes most often face during events is that hydration must be done â€Å"on the run, † or in the midst of an event or competition. Even during these situations critical to your ultimate purposes as an athlete, you must create your own opportunities to rehydrate and replace as much of your sweat loss as is possible. It has been suggested that no matter the circumstance, athletes will drink no more than 600 ml per hour even when more is easily available (Burke 5). Moderate levels of dehydration have an effect on the rate of stomach emptying and these fluids and nutrients that you intake have no effect until they are absorbed by the small intestine. Not only can exercise for prolonged periods, especially in the heat, lead to dehydration. It is also responsible for oxidative stress which has a negative impact on performance. This decreased performance is thought to be caused by an increase in cardiovascular and thermal strain (Siegler 699). At the cellular level, de hydration causes hyper osmolality and cellular shrinkage, and the extent to which the body becomes dehydrated determines the degree that the cells become susceptible to oxidative damage. Results of one particular 2011 study, â€Å"Exercise-Induced Dehydration with and without Environmental Heat Stress Results in Increased Oxidative Stress† (Siegler 698) concluded that there was a rise in GSSG concentration after dehydration induced by exercise while at the same time, maintenance of euhydration caused these surges to lessen.

Solar Energy Essay - 615 Words

Solar Energy There is a bright future for solar power (no pun intended). On the average sunny day the sun shines approximately 1,000 watts of energy per square meter, enough energy to power all of our electricity needs and excess(â€Å"How†). This plethora of power and will be utilized in the future because we cant afford not to. It is predicted that in 100-500 years our fossil fuels will be depleted: this means that alternative sources of energy will be a necessity (Exxon). We consider solar power a renewable resource because it is conitinuosly supplied to us by the sun. When discussing solar technology it is generally broken up into two different categories: photovoltaic and solar-thermal technology.†¦show more content†¦Grants, Loans, and Green tag programs all exist to entice people into turning to solar(EPA). People need to be more informed and more of these types of programs need to exist in order to increase the demand for solar power. PA currently offers a 10 Percent Investment Tax Credit, this tax credit is available for businesses that invest in or purchase qualified solar energy equipment(EPA). Consumer demand for clean renewable energy and the deregulation of the utilities industry has sparked interest in: solar, wind, geothermal steam, biomass, and small-scale hydroelectric sources of power(Cnn). Small commercial solar power plants are already popping up in some markets. Because solar energy has zero emissions and does not produce any solid waste it is very appealing to consumers(â€Å"Sunny†). Only the land consumed by photovoltaic systems is considered a issue. Double digit growth is expected from both wind and solar technology, based on both increased public subsidies and technological advances over the next 20 years(â€Å"Sunny†). However, because they currently make up such a small percentage of our total power consumption, less then 5% of our total power consumption will be from solar at that time. 20 years ago (PV) was 50 times as expensive than traditional energy resources. That number has increased to 4 times as expensive currently: this shows promise for the future of affordable solar technology (â€Å"The Future†). Our planetShow MoreRelatedThe Energy Of Solar Energy1687 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyses of solar energy deployment contained in the Word Energy Outlook, Energy Technology Perspectives and several IEA Technology Roadmaps. It aims at offering an updated picture of current technology trends and markets, as well as new analyses on how solar energy technologies for electricity, heat and fuels can be used in the various energy consuming sectors, now and in the future. If effective support policies are put in place in a wide number of countries during this decade, solar energy in its variousRead MoreSolar Power And Solar Energy1255 Words   |  6 PagesSolar energy is capable of providing a cleaner energy than most forms of energy generation, and solar energy is able to be generated economically. Solar energy reduces the amount of harm to the environment from energy generation, by providing a cleaner alternative. Solar energy also provides jobs for construction and installation of solar pow ered technologies. The cost of installing solar panels can vary greatly, but its long term benefits outweigh the costs. Typically a solar panel system isRead MoreThe Solar Of Solar Energy1637 Words   |  7 Pagesin solar energy has been growing in recent years. Solar energy is abundant, clean and renewable. There are two main methods to tap solar energy, i.e. with PV cells and with solar collectors. The former converts sun light directly to electricity while the latter collects the solar thermal energy (heat) to be used for various applications. Solar collectors have been in existent for many decades. Their usages are experiencing resurgence in the recent years due to the interest in renewable energy sourcesRead MorePreserving Our World with Solar Energy900 Words   |  4 PagesSolar energy is a way to restore and preserve our world. How wonderful it would be to use the suns energy to heat and cool our homes, power out cars and run the electricity to light our houses. This concept is getting close r to reality all the time. Solar energy is expensive on a large scale, but running lights and small appliances are now inexpensive. Small calculators and lights that are solar powered are accessable to everyone. God commissioned his children to take care of the earth in GenesisRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Solyndra Solar Energy Panels1174 Words   |  5 PagesFounded by Dr. Chris Granet in 2005 Solyndra Solar, based in California was a corporation that produced solar energy panels. They manufactured cylindrical shaped solar panels, and they were unequaled in the business, the corporation as well offers an assortment of additional solar merchandises, most solar engineering corporations use flat plates and was labeled as old-fashioned compared to the Solyndra’s PV Solar structure. Consumers preferred the solar merchandises of the Solyndra since they integratedRead MoreSolar Of Solar Thermal Energy1901 Words   |  8 Pages Solar Thermal Energy â€Å"Even if we didn t have greenhouse gases, were going to have to move away from fossil fuels, as we re going to run out. They re finite, where as solar and wind are infinite.† - Ted Turner. Solar panels use the energy that comes from sunlight to give power. Low-temperature panels are flat plates generally used to heat things such as pools. Medium-temperature panels can also be flat plates but they are used for heating water and / or air for residential and commercial useRead MoreRenewable Energy And Solar Energy921 Words   |  4 Pagesrenewable energy . Most of these renewable energies depend in one way or another on sunlight. Wind and hydroelectric power are the direct result of differential heating of the Earth s surface which leads to air moving about (wind) and precipitation forming as the air is lifted. Solar energy is the direct conversion of sunlight using panels or collectors. Biomass energy is stored sunlight contained in plants. Other renewable energies that do not depend on sunlight are geothermal energy, which isRead More solar energy Essay586 Words   |  3 Pages Solar Energy All life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. Scientists have found a way to use God’s natural light towards the advantage of our daily lives. The affects of this idea revolutionary, results of solar power could lead to a more modernized society and efficient economy. Solar energy is a term that usually means the direct use of sunlight to produceRead MoreThe Solar Of Solar Energy1316 Words   |  6 Pagesterawatts of energy. Solar cells offer a means to harness this energy by converting solar energy into electrical energy. While some may argue that solar energy is an inconsistent energy source, research is being poured into creating more efficient solar cells so that when light is incident on the solar cell, the solar cells operate at their highest possible efficiency levels. Currently, the most efficient solar cells convert 34.5% of sunlight to energy. With innovations like floating solar farms, suchRead MoreThe Solar Of Solar Energy1321 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Photovoltaic Solar Energy Throughout history, mankind had always wonder the mysterious secrets of nature with an attempt to make a replica of its magnificent work. Solar photovoltaic energy is the process to convert sunlight into electrical power as energy; imitating the process of photosynthesis that plants create to survive. Photovoltaic energy is not something recently discovered, it actually goes over 160 years The basic science was first discovered in 1839 but the pace of advancement

Introduction to Research Free Essays

RESEARCH * searching for a theory (a scientifically acceptable general principle offered to explain observed facts). For testing a theory, or for solving a problem. * a SYSTEMATIC, CONTROLLED, EMPIRICAL, and CRITICAL investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena (Kerlinger, 1973) SYSTEMATIC – follows steps or stages that begin with identification of the problem, relating of this problem with existing theories, collection of data, analysis, interpretation of these data, drawing of conclusions, and integration of these conclusions into the stream of knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now CONTROLLED – is so planned every step of the way that fancy and guess work do not set in. The problem is defined thoroughly, variables identified and selected, instruments carefully selected or constructed, conclusions drawn only from the data yielded, and recommendations based on the findings and conclusions. EMPIRICAL DATA – will form the bases for conclusions. Everything is so controlled that any observer of the investigation will develop full confidence in the results. CRITICAL ANALYSIS – is done by a panel of judges that passes judgment on the entire research. an ORGANIZED and SYSTEMATIC way of FINDING ANSWERS to QUESTIONS ORGANIZED – involves a structure or method in going about doing research. It is planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a specific scope. SYSTEMATIC – follows a definite set of procedures and steps. There are certain things in the research process which are always done in order to get the most a ccurate results. FINDING ANSWERS – is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers. Sometimes the answer is no, but it is still an answer. QUESTIONS – are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose. * sometimes called a term paper or library paper, an ordinary critical essay or the more daunting thesis (an essay embodying results of original research especially one written for an academic degree or dissertation (an extended usually written treatment of a subject especially one submitted for a doctorate) reports the writer’s research findings. * involves â€Å"searching again† through what others have written about the subject. * is primarily characterized by its use of data gathered from a wide range of sources to clarify, analyze, expound on, discover, discuss, and debate an idea. * entails understanding a scholarly endeavor and acquainting yourself with the variety of materials at your disposal (e. g. , the library, various institutions, field interviews, questionnaires, the internet, email, and the like) to support your claims. TWO APPROACHES (1) a summary of information from many resources If the paper summarizes research, it reports the reading from a single source or, more likely, from many sources. (2) an evaluation of research information If the paper evaluates the research information, it considers why or how and is frequently either a comparison paper or a cause-effect paper. The evaluation paper requires the use of numerous sources and assumes the writer’s ability to show originality and imagination. CHARACTERISTICS An effective research paper fulfills these requirements: * indicates careful, comprehensive reading and understanding of the topic establishes, in its introduction, a thesis to be developed in the course of the paper * follows a clear organization * employs the principles of good composition * includes direct quotations, paraphrases, or precis that supports the thesis * includes documentation in the form of parenthetical notes, endnotes, or footnotes * includes a list of works cited * exhibits careful, thorough documentation o sources of ideas * follows a carefully prescribed format * is almost always typed or, if prepared on a computer, printed on a letter-quality printer REMEMBER! A research paper* uses documentation* analyzes, discusses, and debates ideas* acquaints you with a cross section of materials* engages you in critical, not creative, reading and writing| A research paper is not a * piece of expository writing* personal essay* reflection paper* review of academic literature* mere reporting of facts and/or opinions | How to Write Analytical or Argumentative Research Papers By Joe Robertson Research papers can be easily differentiated from personal essays on the basis of the extensive research that is executed before the writing of such papers. Research papers thus act as that creative output in which the writers’ personal thoughts and opinions are merged with theories from already established sources. However, the technique used in the presentation of the paper may make it fall under two broad categories: 1. Analytical, 2. Argumentative, in fact the strategy used by the writer to compose his paper will eventually determine the aim and purpose of the paper. A detailed discussion of these two methods will clarify the concepts presented above: 1. Analytical Papers In an analytical research paper, the aim is to attain a thorough expertise of the concept that is being presented so that it can be broken down and represented from the writers’ point of view. In this form of the research paper, an individual approaches the research question without any pre-conceived notions and ideas about the subject at hand. Thereafter a careful survey of the opinions and views is undertaken. Ultimately when familiarity with the topic is achieved; a person is able to restructure and relocate the concepts that underlie the basic topic in his paper; the very essence of an analytical paper; critical contemplation and valuation of the question at hand is necessary for an analytical paper. 2. Argumentative Papers This type of a paper may also be termed a persuasive paper. Aside from critical thinking which is essential for the production of a quality paper, another familiar concept that dominates academic circles is the concept of an argument. The basic differen ce from the former kind that qualifies the persuasive kind is that the paper takes a conscious stance and argues in favor of one of the arguments with cogent facts and points presented in its favor. The aim is to mould the reader’s mind in favor of one possible answer to the research question backed by reliable data and arguments. Both approaches require logical thinking and smart evaluation alongside comprehensive research of the available sources. However the difference is created through the process of writing, analytical papers provide a more balanced approach where all views pertaining to the question are presented whereas argumentative papers debate in favor of one logical solution above the others. How to cite Introduction to Research, Essays Introduction To Research Free Essays Research is a high-hat word that scares a lot of people. It is a welcoming attitude towards change. The research state of mind can apply to anything. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction To Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a problem-solving mind. What is Research? Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster, 1984). Research is defined as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory. The Value of Research Research helps professionals by providing information to make decisions, or o perform their functions more effectively. Teachers need to know what teaching method can be used Health services providers need health-related data in developing health programs Research Improves the Quality of Life Quality research is the lifeblood of any scientific discipline. Without it, disciplines would stagnate, failing to advance past their current limits and understanding. (Wan 1997 p. 7) General Types of Research Research can be classified into three categories: Descriptive research Correlation or association research Experimental or intervention research Descriptive Research The descriptive of study finds answer to the questions who, what, where and how. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors. Examples of research topics fall under the descriptive type: 1 . ‘The management style of school administ rators in Lillo City’ 2. Tardiness and absenteeism among high school students† 3. â€Å"The insecticidal properties of pepper Explanatory or Correlation Research An explanatory study goes beyond description of the problem or situation. It attempts to explain the possible factors related to a problem which have en observed in a descriptive study. This study answers the questions why and how. The factors related to the problem, however, need not be viewed as real â€Å"causes† Of the problem, but factors which are associated with or may contribute to the occurrence of the problem. Certain factors are â€Å"assumed† to explain or contribute to the existence of a problem or a certain condition or the variation in a given situation. The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are â€Å"assumed to have caused† the problem. For example, relationships between the following pairs f variables can be studied: 1. Gender Grades 2. Knowledge about cancer compliance with medical regimen 3. Educational attainment repayment status of cooperative members Intervention or Experimental Research The intervention or experimental type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the â€Å"cause and effect† relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The following examples of research topics fall under the explanatory or correlation category: 1 . â€Å"The Effect of Different Levels of Applied Nitrogen on the growth and Yield of Rice† Experimental vs.. Non- experimental Research Experimental research Treatments are given to subjects Cause-and-effect questions Non-experimental research Treatments are not given to subjects Participants are observed as they naturally exist Other Dichotomies of Research There are other classification of research: 1. Pure or Applied 2. Exploratory or Explanatory 3. Quantitative or Qualitative Pure Basic Attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain certain patterns of behavior using either or both qualitative and quantitative research cuisines Pure research offers better descriptions and better explanation of human behavior. The intention is to accumulate knowledge about a certain phenomenon. Doesn’t necessarily provide results of immediate, practical use Applied Research Aims to see an immediate solution to a problem Focuses on variables or factors which can be changed by intervention in order to achieve a desired goal An experimental study comparing the effectiveness of two methods of improving a situation Exploratory Designed to describe an existing problem situation and examine the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problem Explanatory To understand or explain a prevailing situation or explain a relationship between factors which may have already been identified in exploratory studies Seek more specific answers to ‘Sunny† and â€Å"how† questions Quantitative vs.. Qualitative Research Quantitative – data are gathered such that they can be quantified and subjected to statistical analyses Qualitative – data are gathered such that they can be analyzed through informed judgment Research may be obtrusive or non-obtrusive: Obtrusive research – where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants. How to cite Introduction To Research, Essays

Advantages Of Balanced Scorecard Accounting Essay Example For Students

Advantages Of Balanced Scorecard Accounting Essay Kaplan and Norton introduced balance mark card in 1990s as a footing to supply a construction for assorted steps of organizational public presentation. Since debut it has gained a high grade of celebrity as one of the most widely used inventions in direction accounting ( Lawrie, 2004 ) .It s a tool that translates a company s mission, ends and schemes into public presentation steps for each strategic country. The scorecard translates vision and scheme into four quarter-circles. From the get downing these quarter-circles reflected the undermentioned positions and deductions of the scheme: The key to the popularity of the scorecard lies in its flexibleness and adaptability whether for commercial administrations, governed by net incomes, public sector operations governed by service bringing, or not-for-profit administrations driven by committedness to a peculiar cause, a scorecard that improves public presentation. ( Liz Murby, 2005 ) Outline1 ADVANTAGES OF BALANCED SCORECARD2 DISADVANTAGES OF BALANCED SCORECARD3 Application OF USING BALANCED SCORECARD IN PHILIPS ELECTRONICS COMPANY4 Decision ADVANTAGES OF BALANCED SCORECARD Using balanced scorecard the directors can pull off the public presentation of the company efficaciously. First, it gives company a full position of public presentation direction by supplying four positions including fiscal every bit good as client positions, internal concern procedure and acquisition and growing. It represents how it affects to supervise company s public presentation in every facet such as bettering return to stockholders, fulfilling client demands, developing new merchandises and preparation staffs, etc. ( Langfield-Smith, 2012 ) The BSC is an incorporate set of fiscal and non-financial steps. It is an built-in portion of an organisation s scheme executing procedure that emphasizes pass oning scheme to the members and supplying feedback to assist achieve aims. ( Mendoza, 2001 ) Second, conventional method of measuring public presentation direction based on fiscal steps which provide general information related to company s operation and give recommendations for bettering it instantly and efficaciously merely in the short term. On the other manus, utilizing balanced scorecard helps directors get information for doing determination in the short and long term. Specifically, company can acknowledge any jobs related to public presentation direction such as low net income, out of day of the month package, and inexperient staffs, etc. , so they can better them efficaciously. ( Langfield-Smith, 2012 ) Finally, it supports directors obtain the best results in comparing with company s aims or schemes in their planning which are translated by utilizing balanced scorecard. It helps directors command their ends in each facet decently by mentioning to the causes every bit good as the effects of these issues go oning in the company. DISADVANTAGES OF BALANCED SCORECARD Apart from advantages, there are besides some disadvantages that directors can confront when using it in supervising company s direction. First, it takes more clip to acquire benefits from utilizing balanced scorecard. Specifically, directors set ends for doing net income so they need to do proper schemes related to fiscal position, client service or preparation which requires clip and attempts in the long term. In comparing with utilizing fiscal public presentation steps which merely contain Numberss, rates or per centums, directors rely on these to measure company s activities. Second, it is non easy to measure public presentation measuring accurately because some sectors can non be measured by exact figure or split them into specific things to mensurate. As a consequence, it can be manipulated easy or can be fraud based on estimations related to apportion work in procedure. Finally, some steps in utilizing balanced scorecard are non utile and suited for some companies which are different sectors in the competitory industry. It leads to cut down profitableness, affect the capacity of making aims of the company. Therefore, directors have to see many steps which can be applicable to their company successfully. .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af , .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .postImageUrl , .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af , .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af:hover , .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af:visited , .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af:active { border:0!important; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af:active , .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b031d60b4951db2cf7a89e8db10d9af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: CD-ROM EssayApplication OF USING BALANCED SCORECARD IN PHILIPS ELECTRONICS COMPANY Harmonizing to a study by Bain Co, approximate 50 % of luck companies in USA and 40 % in Europe usage balanced scorecard as a tool in public presentation direction. ( Gumbus, 2002 ) Specifically, Philips Electronics is considered as a good illustration for using balanced scorecard to aline company s aims and employee s public presentations which bring more net incomes to company. Company used balanced scorecard which set up many specific schemes in their concern. It implemented by mensurating their markets, clients and operations. Philips Electronics relied on four positions of balanced scorecard to acquire their aims in the hereafter. They are including competency, processes, clients and fiscal. Philips Company chiefly focused on employees so they divided into more degrees throughout the organisation including operational marks, organizational beds and concern unit degree. At the concern unit degree, critical success factors were developed for each positions of the card. Management wage attending to develop high engineering, developing accomplishments for employees. Besides, they improve their merchandises with high quality to fulfill what clients want. A value map can be used for analyzing client study informations, and so it can reflect the capacity of devouring their merchandise in comparing with the competitory 1s. In add-on, fiscal steps besides are required to measure the effectual operations in between the expected marks with existent public presentations. There are some illustrations of indexs at the concern unit degree include: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bettermanagement.com/images/library/figures/11/5124_01.gif The manner Philips Electronics applied balanced scorecard to supervise and pull off its public presentation efficaciously and usefully. Specifically, Philips Medical Systems North America ( PMSNA ) which used balanced scorecard as an alignment tool to concentrate on their schemes so they got $ 1 billion by the twelvemonth 2001. Besides, it brings benefits for the company by making for action planning including reassigning informations automatically from internal coverage system to online balanced scorecard study. As a consequence, directors can entree new consequences instantly. By utilizing balanced scorecard supports directors monitor employees public presentations through making traffic-light coverage to acquire presentments such as green coloring material informs employees reach mark, yellow coloring material shows in-line public presentation and ruddy visible radiation indicates that employees get under criterion required so employees can understand and accommodate their activities which are suited with their company s ends efficaciously. Finally, Philips Electronics applied balanced scorecard into their public presentation usefully by making communicating system where employees can portion their experiences or accomplishments related to job work outing to others. Basically, it helps employees heighten their cognition and more motives to work expeditiously. Apart from the success of using balanced scorecard in their company, there are few limited issues which should be improved in supervising public presentation measuring. First of all, choosing any package for reassigning informations to equilibrate scorecard system should be careful and accurate so company can avoid confronting many jobs such as lost information or virus attacked, etc. Second, the right of accessing of import information of employees should be recognized by different maps or duties of each section. The sensitive of information should be controlled efficaciously because these are good advantages for rivals in competitory industry. Finally, some standards can non be affected straight in public presentation direction. Specifically, it is hard to measure employees public presentation in acquiring aims of company expected. Directors need to urge some specific standards related to employees when they accomplish their responsibilities in the needed clip. Decision About all companies rely on fiscal ratios which reflect their activities happened in the yesteryear. It is hard to link the marks of the company with the sections.It merely adapts the company s short term aims in the industrial age where they focused on effects, non for causes. Therefore company introduced the usage of balance mark card which monitors the public presentation which still maintains fiscal steps. However, it support directors set proper aims to make future value through concentrating on clients satisfaction, providers, employees, engineering, etc. .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 , .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .postImageUrl , .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 , .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579:hover , .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579:visited , .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579:active { border:0!important; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579:active , .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579 .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f85327abb75eb9baaae4c8e76693579:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AOL Time Warner Essay

The way the play shows the differences between the generations, with particular references to Mr Birling and Sheila Essay Example

The way the play shows the differences between the generations, with particular references to Mr Birling and Sheila Essay The differences between the generations are very clear. Even at the very beginning of the play it is shown: Sheila: Youre squiffy Mrs Birling: What an expression, Sheila! Here it is showing that Mrs Birling does not really understand how the younger people talk. It means that the audience can see at once that there is a difference between the younger people and the older people. We will write a custom essay sample on The way the play shows the differences between the generations, with particular references to Mr Birling and Sheila specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The way the play shows the differences between the generations, with particular references to Mr Birling and Sheila specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The way the play shows the differences between the generations, with particular references to Mr Birling and Sheila specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The difference between Sheila and Birling are not shown until later on in the play. The first signs of the generation gap is in Act 2, where Sheila says: Dont interfere, please, Father. Gerald knows what I mean, and you apparently dont This is the first real sign of tension. It makes the audience more sympathetic towards Sheila, because her father does not understand what has happened between her and Gerald. This is because the older generation do not understand how the younger generation work out their problems. Sheila has already explained how she and Gerald should sort the problems out, but her father still thinks that he can fix the situation. The main difference between Sheila and Birling is shown after the Inspector leaves. It is whether the Inspector was really a police inspector, and whether it matters if he was or not: But it doesnt make any real difference, yknow Sheila is sympathetic towards Eva, whereas Birling is more concerned about his public image. The audience are sympathetic towards Eva, and so it makes them feel resentful towards Birling. This shows a clear division between the two generations, and how they view the situation. This has a dramatic impact on the audience. They will not have viewed Birling in this way until he seems unsympathetic towards what happened to the girl. They feel betrayed by his character. Birling accuses Sheila and Eric of telling the Inspector too much, however, he defends his wife: No, not you, my dear. But these two Birling wants to clear his conscious and blame someone else, whereas Sheila wants to share the blame, and accept her responsibility. The audience feel that Birling has a weak character because he has to side with his wife, and blame his children. They feel that no one should blame their children in this way, and so they are unsympathetic towards Birling.

Divorce Harms Children

Divorce Harms Children Free Online Research Papers Introduction Divorce harms! That is undisputed, to what extent and to what degree is the question we have set out to examine? The research that has been carried out, has been critiqued for biased ness in sampling and later interpretation of data. Most researchers have determined that children of divorce have difficulty forming relationship of their own, are more likely to divorce themselves, are more prone to depression, become less religious and have reduced educational and financial attainment. In short the overall effect is proclaimed to be negative. There are most positive aspects out of divorce especially when there is no alternative option? We will examine these issues in detail and also see what sort of option does parents in conflict have and with what implications. Marital Dissolution The sanctity of marriage as an institution may be open to question as increasing number of children are either being reared by single parent, or being forced with a single parent because of non marital childhood. Children may have an unquestioned right to parental support, be it emotional, psychological or financial – children of separated parents still have these needs and separation creates an indeterminable void that may sustain beyond childhood. Judith (1994) believes that women and men have fundamentally different behaviors visvis marriage child bearing and care of children. Women normally take care of children; take responsibility for them, in spite or despite their existent or future relationships. Men on the other hand, Judith believes, have usually relationship with children of partners they are cohabiting with – this relationship may shear off with partner dissolution. This removal of paternal link may have severe emotional consequences for younger children. The quantum and magnitude of effects has been questioned by various researchers citing lack of evidence or partiality of evidence, yet the negativity of effects has been acknowledged (Judith, 1994). There is an increased tendency (almost twice with children from intact marriages) to drop out from school amongst single parent’s children. Children from broken up homes are shuttled between two entities for custodial rights – those living with their mother are disadvantaged in terms of access to material resources, however research shows that girls living their mother are better adjusted socially than boys living with their mother, further children living with their mother may have reduced financial resources, as family income has been cut and generally women earn less than men. Although happiness does not require money, yet without money – adequate food and living space happiness is again difficult to come by. Although child support payments are mandated by law, these payments are not consistent and adequate and as time pass these payments decrease even further. Causes Conflict between parents affects children both directly and indirectly, as parents may be preoccupied with their own problems and later after the separation, the single parent may be too traumatized to offer solace to the child. There is also evidence that conflict that predates divorce may have negative bearing on children from the earlier time and may continue after the separation. Children’s emotional security is thus affected both prior to divorce and afterwards when out of selfish love each partner exaggerates interest in child welfare augmenting the strain on poor child. The major sources of disagreements amongst the two partners before divorce are money and child handling ways and these issues persist after the break – exacerbated by discordant partners who already could not agree to a single view. This conflict often leads to disengagement from each other and leaving the poor child’s future in a vacuum. Growing children are caught midway between parents who can’t take sides without feeling guilty and end up blaming themselves for inability to manage parents’ disagreements (Judith, 1994). Boys and girls tend to behave differently in post divorce single parent scenario. Boys are more disturbed when father leaves than daughters while daughters similarly experience distress with addition of a stepfather, as this addition may be perceived as pseudo loss of mother in terms of attention and time. Again stepfather addition may surmount to sexual tension for girls in the pubescent step daughter step father relationship (Stephanie et al, 1996). Joan (1998) states that children from broken homes are more likely to suffer from delinquency, drop out of school, use drugs and drink heavily – however sometimes divorce may be the best way out and best solution for children. Divorce effects ripple into all facets of life from education to emotional health. Increasing number of divorce rates are compounding these problems, as divorce rates climb to 50% of the newly married. Society is still providing tacit approval of divorce which entails increasing detrimental effects on the partners and their off springs. The evidence is unmistakable, children of divorce are abused and neglected, these children have problem focusing and concentrating on studies, and finally these children show increased crime adoption and suicidal tendencies. These children are more likely to divorce as they become adults and marry. Interestingly the odds against marriage succeeding become even higher if both parents are offspring of divorced parents (Scott, 2002). These children start seeing divorce as an acceptable solution, even if they have children of their own. When divorce may not be so bad or actually good? At times parents may stay together, ostentatiously for their children, however the conflict and stress may be so great that children end up being victimized and may be hounded by memories of their parents shouting and bickering at each other. In situations that are irretrievable clean break may be advised and for these partners divorce may be the only solution and accost children with the new fact of life and allow children to deal with things as they are not what they might want them to be (Joan, 1998). Divorce experience may be different for different persons E. Mavis says that at least 20% of the divorced women emerged from the relationship, liberated and developed latent abilities that would not have been possible in restrictive or unhappy marriage. Many of these women went back to college, began to work and developed a successful career and essentially became responsible citizens. Many of these women had satisfying and happy second marriages. This was especially true when they moved from an already disengaged partnership or from bullying or acrimonious husband that had weakened their self esteem (E. Mavis, 2002). Similarly some girls do emerge from their parent’s divorce more responsible having learnt from divorce experience how to handle stress in their own lives. Sometimes children are denied the safe environment they deserve, they are sexually and physically abused and professional help hasn’t worked or parent doesn’t acknowledge the problem’s gravity – divorce may be the answer. Children living in homes with domestic violence may suffer long lasting psychological problems, then for child and spouse’s own safety divorce may be the right course of action. Similarly for spouse addicted to drugs and alcohol and who is unwilling to go for professional help separation may be necessary for both spouse and children sake. Divorce is bad for partners and for children but at times it may be better than living in violent, abusive and unhealthy environment. (Gregory, Maybe you should get a divorce) Trauma and Religion Joan quotes Robert Simpson, professor of Sociology, at University of Chicago who has determined that divorce rates in a community strongly correlated and predicted robbery rate in that community he came to this result after studying 171 cities with more than 100,000 people. Further divorced parents’ children have a higher chance of being abused and even remarriage fails to stem the levels of abuse. Besides abuse emotional suffering and trauma of separation may cause long lasting psychological damage in many children – there is also an increased chance of child neglect when parents have split also giving rise to feeling of unwonted. An ancillary affect is weakened relationship between child and his/her separated parents. Scott (2002) quoting Wallerstein says that children from divorce end up having strong negative feeling about their father if he has stopped providing financial support for education and other financial emotional needs. It is common for children from split families to end up blaming themselves for their parents divorce and have a poor self image. Thus these children’s psychological stability is undermined and the effects sustain beyond into children’s adulthood and child’s capacity to live a family life is severely affected, they might have difficulty in forming profound and long lasting relationships. These children may experience sex earlier than on average, have more teenage pregnancies, have distrust for long term relationships and are generally afraid of having children, â€Å"Parents not only divorce each other, they in effect divorce or partially divorce their children†, (Patrick, Robert, 2000). Relationship between surviving parent and child is not as deep after the split as before as the parent is often unable to commit same deep level of emotional; support to his/her child, also the child inherits inability to handle conflict which becomes a hindrance in later life. Children of separated parents may suffer from feelings of inadequacy and rejection which may hamper their judgmental skills with regards to giving and accepting love and intimacy. Religion is considered not only a solace and support but also provides faith in higher being, broken families have reduced religious interaction, even to the point of stopping practice of faith or outright rejection of divine interference. Scott (2002) says that children from divorce are 2 to 2.7 times more likely to reject faith and shun religion than children from parents of married parents. This reduction of faith also removes another pillar of support during times of distress and makes these children more susceptible to higher levels of stress. Belief in divine intervention often helps to shuttle the problems of to divine and having faith and belief and a solution will occur. Faith has also been found to indoctrinate general level of well being and happiness – there is a strong correlation between crime rate and level of faith and worship and further strongly religious persons are less likely to indulge in drugs and alcohol, even better health is a factor of more religious tendencies. Children from divorced parents, according to Bernardo, and who are in touch with both of their parents are caught in a void between two separate sets of beliefs and values leading to an inner conflict or war of the worlds, at times these children may be ambivalent at times traveling in extreme poles but rarely do the two parents belief sets are congruent. During marriage there might have been compromises and harmonization of differences but post separation the two discrete individuals who have stopped reaching out retreat into their own shells and diverge from each other values and beliefs. The poor child who is in contact with both of them has a strikingly difficult job of making sense of two ways of thinking, living and believing. This compulsive conflict may lead these children to impaired thinking, decision making and finding their own identity – they become confused. Hence the child is at a loss whether the divorce is acrimonious, then he/she is struck with discord and in ner strife. If the divorce is amicable then child is laden with addled thinking as above (Bernardo, 2006). Conclusion We have seen that divorce is draining emotionally, psychologically and financially for children and for the single mothers. Children have emotional scars from the tragedy which they will most probably carry over to their next generation. We also saw children from divorce dropping out of school, blaming themselves having suicidal tendencies and turning away from religion. A positive aspect out of divorce may be when separation acts as a release from a binding dysfunctional relationship, when children were abused, when partner was belligerent, bullying alcoholic and drug addict. We have also seen that rather than been living in a regular bickering conflict ridden relationship it is better to separate. In the end one thing is for certain – divorce is on the whole bad for the parents and harms children who are the hardest hit. Research Papers on Divorce Harms ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseGenetic Engineering

I'm a manager in a large global manufacturing Assignment

I'm a manager in a large global manufacturing - Assignment Example The main reason for this transformation is the shift in the attitude, behavior, moral and ethical values of organizations. The impact of globalization and the implementation of technology are two major factors that resulted in such changes. In an organization, the organizational culture evolves as a result of values and behavior handed over from one generation of workers to the next. Besides, management policies, the vision of the company etc also influence the organization culture. The attitudes and perceptions of workers also play a major role in the formation of an entity’s organizational culture. An instance of change of organization culture, in this context, can be seen when one considers Steve Job of Apple. â€Å"No one denied that Apples rise was aided immeasurably by his [Steve Jobs] astonishing energy and persuasiveness and charisma and chutzpah† (Deutschman, 2011). The attitude of employees has also changed from what it has been earlier. 10 years back employees merely did their job. However, now they attempt to improve their skills to handle their operations more efficiently. The management in the modern world also supports this as the competition is quite high and organizations compete with one another to recruit the best talent available in the market. Attitude towards team work has also increased. Thus, now employees work together to achieve common organizational goals. In the given example of Apple, there is a significant change in the attitude of management towards employees. They consider employees as a part of company and that is the reason why Steve Job believes in the concept of â€Å"hire for attitude, train for skills.† (Poor Leadership Undermines US Organizations, 2011). As one can observe from the growth of Apple, the model implemented by Steve Job has facilitates healthy collaboration between management and employees, which is the basis of their

The market trends in the UK clothing industry Coursework

The market trends in the UK clothing industry - Coursework Example This research will begin with the statement that clothing in the UK market is dominant by the large retail stores that provide major sales to this industry. There is generally one influencer in the market that owns the market share in the UK clothing industry, for example, Philip Green owns 12 percent of the UK clothing market. Since the dominance in the clothing market is by the major retail stores hence the prices of quality clothing has increased in the UK which has provided an opportunity to bring in to the market the clothing that is of high quality but at affordable prices. This need for affordability of prices and quality clothing has increased the demand for such products in the UK market. Also because the major retail stores tend to cater to the market for personalized service that too is becoming marginalized. The market trends in the UK clothe industry show a growing trend. As reported that the market for clothes has increased by 10% between years 2004 and 2008. It is also expected that the market will continue to grow in another three years. By the year 2014, it is estimated that the clothing industry would be worth nearly  £8.6 billion experiencing an increase of 29% from the worth of today estimated at being  £6.7 billion. The consumers want quality and value products and thus it’s this trend that is contributing to the growth of the industry. During the time of recession, the market saw a growth of 10% per annum however it is expected that this sector will experience a 21% of growth in the next three years.

Managing for results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing for results - Essay Example The present day mangers believe in acting as a guide cum leader for the employees; they not just assist the subordinates to perform their task but also help them to move ahead in the career. Therefore, the managers must keep themselves updated with the activities taking place within the organisation. Apart from the internal factors, they also have to understand the external environment that is the economic condition, the government policies in the local as well as in other nations, changes taking place in customer’s behaviour and technology. The growing competition in the business sector demands high degree of efficiency from the managers; thus the company also motivates the mangers to update themselves by participating in different trainings sessions (seminars, conferences and off-job training). In the given project at first role of the manager in the prevailing globalised world will be discussed. Later on, different approaches will be discussed that needs to be followed by t he managers in achieving the organisational goal. Some real life examples will also be drawn to further explain different approaches followed by the managers in their organisations. ... Figure: The Managerial Grid by Blake & Mouton Source: Egner, 2009, p.10 According to Blake & Mouton, the manager’s attitude can be measured on basis of two distinct factors. These are concern for people and concern for production. Generally, the functional mangers (floor managers) are more concerned about the production; whereas the top level managers who have to manage group of highly efficient and self sufficient subordinates are more concerned about the people. The managers who are neither concerned about the people nor about the productions are considered as the inefficient one. Similarly, the one who is high in both the factors is the most effective one. Such a manager maintain close association with the subordinates and assist them to develop themselves (Miller, 2008, p.46-47). The attitude followed by the manager is influences by several factors. These can be summarised as the organisational culture, the leadership style of the top management, the nature of the subordin ates, the social norms of the society were the organisation is operating and finally the personality of the manager. Therefore, all these factors should be taken into consideration by the manager to modify his or her attitude so that organisational goal can be achieved. Role of a manager in the organisation In general, the role of a manger comprises of planning, organising, scheduling, and assisting the employees to accompany their task and evaluating the operations (Rothwell, 2001, p.7). All of these functions are quite essential and managers have to be careful while conducting them. The process of management starts with planning. At first the manager has to analyse the external as well as internal environment and then a plan should be developed that will guide the subordinates in

To what extent is Marxism still relevant today

To what extent is Marxism still relevant today In communist society, where nobody has one exclusive sphere of activitysociety regulates production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in evening, criticise after dinner, just as I have a mind, without ever becoming hunter, fisherman, shepherd or critic. (Marx/Engels The German Ideology) I love talking and thinking about politics and to imagine a better society, where I can reflect on what to write in my essays, but the quality of these activities would change very much, if one was not forced to do it, to pass exams, to get a degree, and eventually to find a job to survive in the capitalist society. Everyone knows the difference between self-fulfilling activity and the obligation of wage labour, what we normally call work. When we are looking at the quotation above, we see that Marxism is rather a social utopia than a political program. The utopia of a society without exploitation of people by people, a society where concurrence is abolished and the voluntary cooperation of men and women is the motor of production. The precondition for this view is the idea, that the individual is a social being and for that reason must be analysed in its social and historical context and that is continually in development. The fundamental difference in the history of political thought between the left wing and the right wing is based on the view of the human being. Hobbes for example describes the condition of archaic societies as a bellum omnium contra omnes2, that is why the main fear of men comes from its similars so to protect people from people, there is the need of a strong state and law and order. You ca not change mankind, there is no development There were always these two views of humans that built the basics of ideologies and it seems to be more a matter of belief than a fact that you can prove. In the last decades we experienced a dominance of what I call new liberal thinking, conservative think tanks began to describe human behaviour with the rules of the neo classical school of economics, that sees the person as a advantage maximising individual, all aspects of life are tried to explain as economic behaviour. In 1989 the concurrent system to capitalism lost its last battle of the cold war; the right celebrated the victory of capitalism and liberal democracy and the left was paralysed. The well-known Francis Fukuyama described the End of history as the end point of mankindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s ideological evolution and the universalisation of Western liberal democracy. (National Interest, 1989, 16) In the same article Fukuyama says that it will be a sad time, because there is not going to be any ideological struggle any more, idealism would be replaced by economic calculations, the endless solving of technical problems environmental concerns and the satisfaction of sophisticated consumer needs. The right wing ´s argument against Marxism today is the breakdown of communism and the dark sides of the soviet system, although we know from an Marxist point of view, that the system in Russia had not anything to do with the ideal and the utopia of Marxism. It was state capitalism without any form of democracy that failed because of social movements in Eastern Europe, for example Solidarinosc in Poland. The problem is that left wing intellectuals fell into agony after 1989 because they shared the feeling that capitalism had won and the world is bad, many of them stopped to think about alternatives and lost their utopia, went fishing, or some orthodox ones lost their belief and became new liberals, others searched for third ways. The dominance of new liberalism also colonised the social democracy, for example the words of the social democratic Austrian chancellor, who said in the eighties, that somebody who has visions needs a doctor. The theory of the third way left the road of Marxism as a result of 1989 and is defined by Anthony Giddens as a way between old social democracy and new liberalism. The question is: is the third way a road that leads to nowhere? It is very likely so because there is no final perspective. I would explain it rather as a parking lot of conservative and liberal political ideas, than as a way. Ten years after the transition in the east we are facing a growing social movement with a big scepticism about the economic globalisation, more and more people experience the negative effects of capitalism and more and more people are claiming for alternatives. Social utopias are still relevant because naturally an other system comes to your mind, when you are not satisfied, even if they are only wishes sort of dreams, the next step is the thinking process to realise your dreams. You cannot kill utopias. Marxism is still relevant as an utopia to reach a society of free and equal. The function of ideologies is to conquer the minds, because the actions of people are led from their view of the world and their wishes. Ideology only has an influence on a personality if there is a belief in it. The task of the academic left (if there is still one) today is to win back the hegemony at the battlefield of ideas. 2. Marxism as an instrument of critique I think it is incontestable that Marxism is still relevant as a critique of capitalism the state and liberal democracy. Marxism is a child of the Industrial Revolution and was born as a reaction to the bad effects of proletarianisation, dependency on wage labour, the new mode of production, which caused hunger and oppression. The theory that the development of the capitalist system, with a growing number of wage labourers leads more or less automatically to a revolution forgot, that capitalism was able to react to social and economic changes very fast. So the ruling class understood how to bring more and more wage employees on their side (ex. white collar employees). Nevertheless a big majority in Europe has to live with their income through wage labour, and when we look to a world perspective, we find a massive proletarianisation in the world. (compare Callinocos, 1992, p. 113), In a world perspective we also see growing differences between the south and the north, which makes Marxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s theory in a global perspective very plausible. Globalised capitalism with its new liberal face, hasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t found an answer to the exploitation of nature and the growing social inequalities. The waste of resources and the economic crisis canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t be abolished through capitalism. The principle of profit is the principle of exploitation. The regular breakdowns of the stock markets with their destructive effects on states, is a good example. Marx knew that the state couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t be neutral, because the state represents the interests of the ruling classes and the owners of the resources, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s why liberal democracy could not be a real democracy, it leads to a passive citizenery in the 1988 presidential elections in the US, upper-income electors were twice as likely to vote as lower income electors: the displacement of parliamentary institutions by unelected centres of power [.]; structural constraints on the piecemeal transformation of capitalism it was above all the massive flight of capital from France which forced the Mitterand administration to abandon the program of reforms on which it was elected in 1981. (Callinicos, 1992, p. 109) Variables like class, gender and income are very important for a sociological description of the society, the marxist point of view, played always an important role for class analyses and the question, who has the power in a society, who owns the production means and so on. 3. Marxism as an alternative First we have to define our aims even if they are utopian, first we have to know what we want, then we can search for ways to reach our aims. We will see that there are many ways that lead in the same direction, so the main difference between Marxists, are the means they are using. Marx conceived the post capitalist future as an association of all workers, an association in which freedom and equality were combined through (1) the democratic regulation of society; (2) the end of politics; (3) the planned use of resources; (4) efficient production; and (5) greater leisure. (Held, 1999, p. 147) These are the aims shared by all Marxists to overcome capitalism, to abolish the state and the power and to introduce democratic self-government. What they all have in common is the utopia. The differences between them are the way to come closer to these aims. Libertarian Marxists reject all forms of compromises with organisations of the capitalist society, authoritarian leadership, division of labour. They refuse party organisation. They believe that progress can only be made with democratically organised mass movements. Pluralists are using the institutional framework of the liberal democracy to win control of the state for restructuring it. They believe in the necessity of party organisation, using power to abolish it and extension of participation. Many social democratic parties, some communist parties come from this tradition, green movements can be subsumed under this category too. The orthodox Marxist branch belief in a strong party organisation with professional leadership and cadre discipline, but rejects compromises with the capitalist democracy, which only represents the interests of the capital. (compare Held, 1999, p. 148 150) So Marxists are fighting in many places, in parliaments (pluralists), in basic movements (libertarians), in hidden places (planning the revolution), but they all meet on big demonstrations against globalisation. They donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t like each other, but every branch plays its role. The orthodox Marxists lost influence, but the forces of the traditional democratic left in the parliaments could come closer to libertarians, because of the growing movement against new liberalism. In the so-called civil society we will find libertarian Marxists. The main difference between these two factions is the question of reform or revolution. Pluralists wanted to get control of the state to transform capitalism, but they became part of the state and of the capitalist system, many lost their ideologies (Third Way), but there are still some left in the institutions. They won ´t bring innovation, what they could remobilize is a strong democratic, anti capitalist basic movement, that is inspired by libertarian Marxist ideas. If this movement is strong enough, it could be the beginning of a new age of a sustainable transformation of capitalism to something different, what seems not realistic at the moment, but who knows. In any case the libertarian branch with its allies in the civil society could wake up the old pluralists in the parliaments and party machines to start a new offensive against new liberalism, to improve democracy, to concentrate on redistribution and to get back or defend important public resources and so on. My theory is, that social movements are a motor of reform, even if they don`t manage to bring revolutionary changes. Marxism always was a threat for the capitalism, that forced capitalism to adapt, but not the theory brought a welfare state or socialist elements to capitalist states, it were always the social movements in connection with the utopia that brought the change. I believe that Marxism is an alternative, because of the weak sides of capitalism and liberal democracy, the exploitation of humans and the nature, the waste of resources and the social inequality, but as long as we don`t have Marxism as an practical alternative, it has three functions: As an utopia it shows us an aim a direction, as an analysing method helps it to show us the contradictions of capitalism and it is a threat for the free market system and liberal democracy, that could lead to an permanent reform of the system. Perhaps we need no revolution. Perhaps capitalism will reform as long as it turns into a communist society, and if not, the revolution will come, Marx said. Bibliographie Callinicos, A: The Revenge of History: Marxism and the East European Revolutions (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992). Duncan, G.: Democratic theory and practice (University Press, Cambridge, 1983) Held, D.: Models of Democracy (Blackwell, Cambridge, 1999) chapter 4. Levin, M: Marxism and Democratic theory in Duncan, g. 1983. Journals: Booth, W.J.: Making Sense of Marx concept of Communism (1989, Political Theory, 17/2). Fukujama, F.: The End of History? (1989, National Interest, 16) Halliday, F.: An Encounter with Francis Fukuyama (1992, New Left Review No. 193). Milibald, R.: Fukuyama and the socialist Alternative (1992, New Left Review No. 193) Milibald, R.: The Plausability of Socialism (1994, New Left Review No. 206). Pierson, C.: Democracy, Markets and Capital: Are there Necessary Economic Limits to Democracy? (1992, Political Studies, Special Issue). Rustin, M.: No Exit from Capitalism? (1992, New Left Review No. 193). 1 Utopos means nowhere, a place that doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t exist; an utopia is the birth of a wish. 2 War between all

The McCarthy Period :: Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism Communism

The McCarthy Period As a result of the "Red Scare" from the Cold War between the USA and the Soviet Union, Americans were concerned that Communists were threatening their country from within. Senator Joseph McCarthy, operating under the House Un-American Activities Committee, directed his search towards Hollywood and the intellectual community. McCarthy's committee called many members of the film and theatre community to testifiy about Communist activities, and to name any individuals who were believed to have been involved with Communist groups. Many artists and intellectuals had been involved with "leftist" ideas and causes, including Arthur Miller himself. Miller was held on trial for his previous support of left-wing causes and was found guilty for contempt of Congress. This was reversed two years later when an appeal proved he wasn't adequately informed about the risks surrounding the charges of contempt. Miller states that he was "motivated in some great part by the paralysis that had set in among many liberals who, despite their discomfort with the inquisitions' violations of civil rights, were fearful, and with good reason, of being identified as covert Communists if they should protect too strongly" (Bender, 21). He goes on to say that he feels the play still holds some relevancy today in that "its paranoid center is still pumping out the same darkly attractive warning that it did in the fifties" (Bender, 21). Miller felt that _The Crucible_ works on the basis that "where evidence is only circumstantial, the dividing line between delusion and reality is difficult to draw" (Welland, 55). During the McCarthy trials, many people were named and called before courts

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is it wrong to kill essays

is it wrong to kill essays During the past quarter century Abortion, Capital Punishment, and Euthanasia have been very controversial subjects in the United States. These methods are ineffective as well as cruel and immoral. They are power over life and death, and they touch some the deepest feelings in human beings. Thomas Jefferson states in The Declaration of Independence states all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. This country was founded on these principles and it is every Americans duty to preserve human life. In 1973, the Supreme Court passed Roe vs. Wade, which legalized abortion in the United States. Today roughly, a quarter of all pregnancies end in abortion. In 1998, there were nearly 1.2 million abortions reported to the Center Disease Control. According to Pro-Life advocates the unborn child, is no less a human being than his/her mother is and has an inalienable right to life, and abortion must be prohibited or at least sharply restricted. When a women choices to abort an unborn child, not only is she ending the life of an unborn child, she is putting herself at risk as well. Studies show that more than 10 percent of women undergoing an abortion suffer immediate complications, and one fifth of those are considered life threatening. Aborting mothers suffer many psychological effects as well, such as nightmares, hysterical outbreaks, and feelings of immense guilt and fear of punishment from God. Purely biologically speaking, it is undeniable that the fetus is a human. At the momen t of conception, the fetus has a DNA that is different from his/her mother. If doctors measure the end of life by brain death, wouldnt it be reasonable to measure the beginning of life by brain life. As early as six weeks, an unborn babys brain waves can be recorded. Some may ar ...

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Bill of Rights essays Individual rights are the oldest and most traditional of American values. (ACLU, 1997) The Bill of Rights is a document consisting of the Constitutions first ten amendments. The first eight of these amendments specify certain basic freedoms and safeguards we as citizens hold. They protect the people from wrongdoings or unjust acts committed toward them by the federal government. The Government, due to these amendments, cannot change or interfere with these rights. Ancient Greeks and Romans created many of the basic ideas used in the Bill of Rights (Lowi...a number of prominent Americans were alarmed at the omission of individual liberties in the proposed constitution. (Early America, 2001) Both James Madison and Thomas Jefferson fought over the acceptance of these views. It was James Madison, though, that helped pass the first ten amendments. On September 25, 1789, the First Congress of the United States therefore proposed to the state legislatures 12 amendments to the Constitution that met arguments most frequently advanced against it. The first two proposed amendments, which concerned the number of constituents for each Representative and the compensation of Congressmen, were not ratified. Articles 3 to 12, however, ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures, to constitute the first 10 amendments of the Constitution. (National Archives, 1998) These soon came to be known as the Bill of Rights, and was put into effect on Dece mber 15,1791. The Constitution as it was first written and given to the states for ratification contained provisions for civil liberties, which covered everyone. It also set up a powerful national government. The thirteen states were asked to ratify the Constitution wanting a list of individual rights, as each state had in its constitution. The states would not ratify the...

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Service Management - Assignment Example The chapter even focuses on the issues of queue as well as bottlenecks and the using of queuing theory to face these issues in capacity management. The chapter even focuses on how organizations need to manage their coping zone and how the utilization of the resources can be managed and improved. In case of a cruise, the organization can implement demand based capacity management strategy. In this strategy the cruise may face the issue of increase in reservations and in order to meet this increase they can decrease the demand for reservation by increasing the prices of their services (Johnston 2012). An internet retailer can experience an increase in demand and if it does not have the required amount of staff to deliver the goods and services. Then the internet retailer can adopt the chase management strategy by increasing the number of part time or contractual workers and even by increasing the hours of work and pay overtime to them. An insurance broker may use the chase strategy in case it is experiencing a decline in demand for its insurance services. Insurances are sold by salesmen on the basis of commission. An insurance broker may higher individuals on basis of commission instead of hiring individuals on basis of fixed salary and pays them according to their number of sales. This will help the insurance broker in managing its cost of

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Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Repositioning - Research Paper Example Strategic Mission Statement The mission of Holden Trucking Services is to be preferred trucking firm by being able to deliver the most affordable, high quality and efficient trucking services to the customers. According to Radhakrishnan (2001), trucking services form a very important part of the supply chain for many business and it is critical that it is efficient in terms of service as well as cost. This is what Holden Trucking Services will seek to be doing, that is, provide efficient and reliable services to customers at affordable prices. In its growth outlook, Holden Trucking Services looks to serve the African market. The African market is the most underserved market in this sector of the global economy. Africa is expected to be next big economy in the next twenty years. According to market experts, the current fast growing markets such as India and China will have reached their optimum growth by the year 2050. At the current moment, every firm including trucking firms are con centrating their foreign market growth in the BRICS market. As the African market is being ignored, it is going to be easy for Holden Trucking Services to establish itself as the trucking firm of choice and be able to take advantage when the opportune e time comes. The African market is already a ripe market and is underserved and even without having to wait for the opportunities time. Most African countries don’t have dependable trucking services of their own and therefore depend on foreign firms. None of these foreign firms have been gracious enough to offer localised trucking services. This means that the services are too expensive for the local African market. The services are also inefficient and not dependable especially where time of delivery is critical. Holden Trucking Services will be the trucking firm to fill this gap to make sure that the local market is well served. Marketing Plan Holden Trucking Services will reach the market by personalising the services. The m arket will be divided into smaller cells with each cell being given as much autonomy as possible. This will make sure that every area can be served individually and this will increase the quality of the service to the customers. Holden Trucking Services will also seek to be a low-price leader. The modern trucking business is too expensive for most customers an this always has a negative implication of the customers because most of the customers are businesses which would benefit a lot if they could find a cheaper way to deliver their goods so that they can expand their profit margins (Kendall, 2005). Offering low prices and high quality of service to the customer will be an easy way to enter in the market and Holden Trucking Services seeks to use this as a way to make sure that it curves a market share for itself. Segmentation of the Market Holden Trucking Services will seek to serve the underserved market. Such underserved market include the small scale businesses which usually can not afford to have their own trucks but at the same time find trucking services prohibitively high. In this regard, to be able to serve this market, Holden Trucking Services will use two main strategies. First, it will include smaller trucks rather than having only large trucks. These smaller trucks will help in making sure that the firm is able to dispatch customer’

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cloud Computing

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cloud Computing In this essay Im going to talk about the structures, types, uses and some of the most famous service providers of Cloud Computing. . Furthermore I will discuss what I understood about this technology what it actually means and provides. Lastly I will discuss how ethical and technological risks associated with Cloud Computing. The first element I will talk about is the technological advantages and disadvantages for a company using a Cloud Computing. This is an important part in essay. Cloud computing is the new trend in IT. It refers to the technology used to access different services over the internet. By using different services through the internet means that the data will be stored on servers, rather than individual drives. Cloud computing allows people to access their files from anywhere, despite of the computer they are using. Cloud computing has made an important impact on the way we store and run applications. It also has made it easier for teams to collaborate, and communicate across the borders. Although it sounds very good, but there are also some disadvantages of cloud computing. Cloud computing became a viable business model because certain companies like Amazon had assembled enormous amount of servers and resources to handle their customers demands during peak seasons. This entire IT infrastructure wasnt used efficiently for the rest of the year. Therefore, they decided to rent out their resources to the public. This way the public is able to use computing resources over the internet, any time of the day, and from any place in the world. The third party service provider is responsible for linking the users with the type and amount of IT resources they need, for their document management, and backup storage. There are three types of cloud computing. The first one is known as infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), in which the servers and the software are fully outsourced, and are billed based on the usage of resource. The second type of cloud computing is platform-as-a-service (PaaS), in which the service provider facilitates the use of different applications. The last type of cloud is known as software-as-a-service (SaaS), in which the user doesnt need to install the software, and can access it over the internet. Famous cloud service providers include Amazon, Google, Zoho, and Salesforce. There are four types of ways in which a cloud can be structured. The first type is the public cloud, in which the services are available through the internet from third party sources. The second type of cloud is the community cloud, in which many organizations realize that theyve got similar needs and requirements, and hence, should share the infrastructure. An example of a community cloud is Googles Gov cloud, in which the services are specifically modified for the public sector agencies. The third type of structure is the private cloud, in which the business buys, and maintains the software, so that its employees could centrally store the date, and collaborate efficiently. The last type of structure is the hybrid cloud, in which a combination of public and private clouds is used. The advantage of such a structure is that it makes it easier to archive and back up the data on the public cloud. There are numerous advantages of cloud computing. Firstly, cloud computing lowers computer costs. As the services are provided over the internet, and theres no need to install any software, the desktop PC doesnt need to be powerful processing powers. Along with the hardware requirements, it also reduces software costs. Most of the cloud computing services are free. For example, Google docs can be used for free, instead of paying for the Microsoft Office suite. The software is also up-to-date in cloud computing, and there are no format compatibility issues. Perhaps the biggest advantage of cloud computing is that there is unlimited storage capacity. Users of clouds dont need to worry about backing up their data, because even if their computer crashes, they will be able to access it again from another computer. Furthermore, cloud computing allows users to access their data from anywhere. Another advantage of cloud computing is that it makes it easier for groups to collaborate their files. Multiple users can edit a document at the same time, and have discussions over the internet. With cloud computing, organizations can truly run a business without borders. They wont be restricted to a specific location as all their data is available on the internet. Lastly, cloud computing gives device independence; there is no need to download specific software to view the file, or a specific network to access the files. With cloud computing, the user interface and the software remains the same regardless of the network, or location. (Miller, 2009) Along with the numerous advantages, there are some disadvantages of cloud computing. Firstly, cloud computing is dependent on the internet. If the internet connection is down, then the whole cloud doesnt work. It requires a constant internet connection; otherwise a user may not be able to access own files. The same is the case with low internet speeds. Furthermore, even if there is a good internet connection, cloud computing may be slow. As the files need to be accessed on the internet, the back and forth communication between the computer and the cloud may be slow to respond because it is busy handling other users. Another disadvantage of cloud computing is that the features that they offer are limited. For example, Zoho Presentations, another cloud service provider, dont have the same features as of Microsofts PowerPoint. Lastly, the data on the cloud is as secure as the cloud itself. What would happen if the cloud crashes? Can other users gain unauthorized access? If the cloud cra shes, the data might go missing unless its backed up on multiple servers. (Miller, 2009) As cloud computing is relatively new, and has grown at a significant pace, its ethical and technological implications need to be discussed so as to understand the risks associated with it. Firstly, companies will need to realize that they are sharing their data with another business, which is a huge risk itself. It will be sharing the information of its users with the cloud. Companies will need to define how much access does the cloud have over the data, and has it encrypted so that it is safe from unauthorized access. Furthermore, the security measures should be reviewed before selecting a cloud service provider. To provide assurance to the users, cloud service providers should have a level of transparency in their operations. Another issue is of the privacy of the customers. With the data being shared with the third party, it can use the data for all kind of purposes. Along with the security and privacy issues, another concern is the availability and performance of clouds. The cloud community still needs to define the acceptable level of performance of their applications. A third risk with cloud computing is that of integration. If a business chooses a cloud service provider, it should make sure that it can be fully integrated into the business processes for consistency, and efficiency. Furthermore, the business will also need to address the operational challenges that arrive during the IT replacement period. There is also a bankruptcy risk of the cloud service provider. Once the third party has the data, it can lockout the business and refuse to let it access its files. The biggest risk with cloud computing is that the service provider becomes a partner in the business, which makes it difficult to end the relationship. Businesses and individuals will need to do a background check on the cloud service provider before deciding on him. Another technological risk with cloud computing is that the third party controls the data. For example, Amazon deletes already purchased books from Kindle without the users permission. Another example would be that when the user gives a request to delete a file, the cloud service provider doesnt delete the file. Instead, he keeps the file for his own usage. The only way to deal with these risks is to conduct a background check on the cloud service provider. Furthermore, the security measures of the cloud service provider should be checked. The growing trend in cloud computing raised a number of issues regarding the best way to use this technology. A document was therefore created called the open cloud manifesto. The cloud computing manifesto is a document that describes a core set of principles for cloud service providers. It was formed to gather the worldwide cloud community on a single core set of rules, which are flexibility, and freedom of choice. They believe that the open cloud gives users choice, flexibility, speed and agility. There are four key advantages of cloud computing. Firstly, cloud computing allows organizations to scale their hardware and software on demand. When an organization faces change, computing needs increase significantly. With cloud computing, the organization is able to expand it IT resources to handle peak times. Another feature of cloud computing is that it allows organizations to streamline their data centre by backing up their documents over the internet. Thirdly, cloud computing improves business processes by providing an existing infrastructure. Lastly, the most important key feature of cloud computing is that it reduces start up costs. As all the infrastructure is already in place, no investment is needed to build a data centre to backup your data. Although cloud computing has many advantages, there are many security and reliability related issues that still need to be answered. As it is still in its initial stages, there is a lot of room for improvement. To increase its usage in the IT industry, cloud service providers will need to address some major issues like security, application interoperability, application and data portability, and governance. Theyll also need to come up with consistent variables so as to monitor and measure the performance of cloud applications. With big companies like HP, Dell, IBM, and Fujitsu reaping the benefits of cloud computing, it seems that in the future more and more data will be stored on clouds rather than on individual drives. Furthermore, many small businesses are also benefiting from cloud computing because of its low cost.